前言

前段时间有一个面试要考Java,在翻复习资料时,发现了三道题(谢谢张老师)基本上概括了一个语言的常用语法。特此记录,围绕这三道题用不同的语言编写,以便后续进行快速地复习。如果想要详细复习,请看C/C++要点复习

问题一

问题描述

请从控制台输入一个三角形的三条边长,并判断这三条边能不能构成一个三角形。

如能构成,请打印输出这个三角形的周长(要求输出宽度为8,保留两位小数),如不能构成,请打印输出具体提示。

考察点:输入输出if条件判断

Java

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public class TestTriangle {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double []a = new double[3];
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
System.out.print("第"+ (i+1) + "条边的边长:");
a[i] = scanner.nextDouble();
}
Arrays.sort(a);
if (a[0] + a[1] > a[2]) {
double c = a[0]+a[1]+a[2];
System.out.printf("三角形的周长为:%8.2f\n", c);
} else {
System.out.println("无法构成三角形");
}
}
}

C++

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#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int main() {
double a[3];

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
cout << "第" << i + 1 << "条边的边长:";
cin >> a[i];
}
sort(a, a + 3);
if (a[0] + a[1] > a[2]) {
double c = a[0] + a[1] + a[2];
printf("三角形的周长为: % 8.2f\n", c);
}
else {
printf("无法构成三角形");
}

return 0;
}

问题二

题目描述

编写一个ZPoint类,其中包括:

  • 两个私有成员double型变量x、y
  • 一个构造方法ZPoint(double x,double y)
  • 两个访问器分别访问x和y
  • 一个静态方法distance(ZPoint p,ZPoint q)计算两点p、q的距离
  • 一个实例方法distance(double x,double y)计算形参定义的点与当前点对象之间的距离。

在此基础上再编写一个测试类Test,用ZPoint实例化两个点对象(11,9)和(100,21.5),然后打印输出这两个点对象之间的距离,此外打印输出点对象(11,9)与x=71,y=19所定义的点的距离。

考察点:类的定义与创建实例方法静态方法

Java

ZPoint.java

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public class ZPoint {
private double x;
private double y;

public ZPoint(double x, double y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}

public double getX() {
return x;
}

public double getY() {
return y;
}

public static double distance(ZPoint p, ZPoint q) {
double disX = Math.abs(p.getX() - q.getX());
double disY = Math.abs(p.getY() - q.getY());
double dis = Math.sqrt(disX*disX + disY*disY);
return dis;
}

public double distance(double x, double y) {
double disX = Math.abs(this.x - x);
double disY = Math.abs(this.y - y);
double dis = Math.sqrt(disX*disX + disY*disY);
return dis;
}
}

Test.java

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public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ZPoint p1 = new ZPoint(11, 9);
ZPoint p2 = new ZPoint(100, 21.5);
System.out.println("两个点对象之间的距离为:");
System.out.println(ZPoint.distance(p1, p2));
System.out.println("点对象(11,9)与x=71,y=19所定义的点的距离为:");
System.out.println(p1.distance(71,19));
}
}

C++

当在类的外部定义静态成员时,不能重复static关键字
该关键字只能出现在类内部的声明语句

ZPoint.h

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#ifndef ZPOINT_H
#define ZPOINT_H
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class ZPoint
{
public:
ZPoint(double x, double y);
double getX();
double getY();
double distance(double x, double y);
static double distance(ZPoint& p, ZPoint& q);
private:
double x;
double y;
};

#endif

ZPoint.cpp

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#include "ZPoint.h"
#include <cmath>

ZPoint::ZPoint(double x, double y) {
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
}

double ZPoint::getX() {
return this->x;
}

double ZPoint::getY() {
return this->y;
}

double ZPoint::distance(double x, double y) {
double disX = abs(this->x - x);
double disY = abs(this->y - y);
double dis = sqrt(disX * disX + disY * disY);
return dis;
}

// 当在类的外部定义静态成员时,不能重复static关键字
// 该关键字只能出现在类内部的声明语句
double ZPoint::distance(ZPoint& p, ZPoint& q) {
double disX = abs(p.getX() - q.getX());
double disY = abs(p.getY() - q.getY());
double dis = sqrt(disX * disX + disY * disY);
return dis;
}

Test.cpp

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#include <iostream>
#include "ZPoint.h"

int main() {
ZPoint p1(11, 9);
ZPoint p2(100, 21.5);
cout << "两个点对象之间的距离为:" << endl;
cout << ZPoint::distance(p1, p2) << endl;
cout << "点对象(11,9)与x=71,y=19所定义的点的距离为:" << endl;
cout << p1.distance(71, 19) << endl;

return 0;
}

问题三

问题描述

请运用面向对象程序设计思想编写完成几何对象的面积计算程序,具体要求为:GeometricObject(抽象类)、Circle、Cylinder和Rectangle之间的继承关系如下图所示,

请分按类图分别实现这四个类;

然后编写一测试类GeoAreaSum,在该类中编写一个方法求数组中所有几何对象的面积之和,其方法头为:sumArea(GeometricObject[ ] a)

再在GeoAreaSum的main方法中创建一个包括三个对象(一个半径为5的圆、一个半径为10、高为5的圆柱体和一个宽和高分别为6和8的矩形)的GeometricObject数组,使用sumArea方法计算出它们的总面积并在屏幕上打印输出。

(2) 另请思考如果将Cylinder与GeometricObject的继承关系改成与Cylinder与Circle的继承关系,同时将Cylinder中的私有变量r去掉,Cylinder又该如何编写?

考察点:继承多态接口抽象类虚函数纯虚函数虚基类

C++

如果子类调用父类带参数的构造方法,只能使用列表生成式

GeometricObject.h

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#ifndef GEOMETRIC_H
#define GEOMETRIC_H
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#define PI acos(-1)
using namespace std;

class GeometricObject
{
public:
virtual double findArea() = 0;
virtual double findPerimeter() = 0;
virtual ~GeometricObject() { }
};

class Circle : public GeometricObject
{
public:
Circle();
Circle(double r);
double getR();
double findArea();
double findPerimeter();
private:
double r;
};

class Rectangle : public GeometricObject
{
public:
Rectangle();
Rectangle(double w, double h);
double findArea();
double findPerimeter();
private:
double w;
double h;
};

class Cylinder : public Circle
{
public:
Cylinder();
Cylinder(double h, double r);
double findArea();
double findPerimeter();
private:
double h;
};

// 需要使用指针数组
double sumArea(GeometricObject *a[], int n);
#endif // !GEOMETRIC_H

GeometricObject.cpp

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#include "GeometricObject.h"

Circle::Circle() {
this->r = 0;
}

Circle::Circle(double r) {
this->r = r;
}

double Circle::getR() {
return this->r;
}

double Circle::findArea() {
return PI * r * r;
}

double Circle::findPerimeter() {
return 2 * PI * r;
}

Rectangle::Rectangle() {
this->w = 0;
this->h = 0;
}

Rectangle::Rectangle(double w, double h) {
this->w = w;
this->h = h;
}

double Rectangle::findArea() {
return w * h;
}

double Rectangle::findPerimeter() {
return 2 * (w + h);
}

Cylinder::Cylinder(): Circle(0) {
this->h = 0;
}

// 如果子类调用父类带参数的构造方法,只能使用列表生成式
Cylinder::Cylinder(double h, double r) : Circle(r) {
this->h = h;
}

double Cylinder::findArea() {
return 2 * PI * getR() * h + 2 * PI * getR() * getR();
}

double Cylinder::findPerimeter() {
return 2 * PI * getR() * 2;
}

double sumArea(GeometricObject* a[], int n) {
double sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum += a[i]->findArea();
}
return sum;
}

GeoAreaSum.cpp

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#include <iostream>
#include "GeometricObject.h"

int main() {
GeometricObject *objects[3];
objects[0] = new Circle(5);
objects[1] = new Cylinder(5, 10);
objects[2] = new Rectangle(6, 8);
cout << "总面积为:" << sumArea(objects, 3) << endl;

return 0;
}

Java

GeometricObject.java

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public abstract class GeometricObject {
abstract double findArea();
abstract double findPerimeter();
}

Circle.java

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public class Circle extends GeometricObject{
private double r;
public Circle(double r) {
this.r = r;
}
public double getR() {
return r;
}
@Override
double findArea() {
return Math.PI*r*r;
}
@Override
double findPerimeter() {
return 2*Math.PI*r;
}
}

Rectangle.java

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public class Rectangle extends GeometricObject{
private double w;
private double h;
public Rectangle(double w, double h) {
this.w = w;
this.h = h;
}
@Override
double findArea() {
return w*h;
}
@Override
double findPerimeter() {
return 2*(w+h);
}
}

Cylinder.java

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public class Cylinder extends Circle{
private double h;

public Cylinder(double h, double r) {
super(r);
this.h = h;
}
@Override
double findArea() {
return 2*Math.PI*getR()*h+2*Math.PI*getR()*getR();
}
@Override
double findPerimeter() {
return 2*Math.PI*getR()*2;
}
}

GeoAreaSum.java

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public class GeoAreaSum {
public static double sumArea(GeometricObject[] a) {
double sum = 0;
for (GeometricObject geometricObject : a) {
sum += geometricObject.findArea();
}
return sum;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
GeometricObject[] objects = new GeometricObject[3];
objects[0] = new Circle(5);
objects[1] = new Cylinder(5,10);
objects[2] = new Rectangle(6,8);
System.out.println("总面积为:" + sumArea(objects));
}
}

参考资料

  1. C++子类继承父类时如何写构造函数